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Kidneys help to regulate the volume of fluid and various metabolites waste products in the body.
Normally, kidney filter about $$\begin{aligned}& 180 \\ & \text{L}\end{aligned}$$ of fluid daily but the volume actually excreted out is only a litre or two a day.
Patients with kidney failures can be saved by dialysis and kidney transplant.
(a) Write the structure and function of Bowman’s capsule.
(b) Although kidneys filter a large amount (about $$\begin{aligned}& 180 \\ & \text{L}\end{aligned}$$ daily) of fluids, still the excretion from the body is only about a litre or two. Why ?
(c) What is excretion ? Why is it necessary for any living organism ?
Normally, kidney filter about $$\begin{aligned}& 180 \\ & \text{L}\end{aligned}$$ of fluid daily but the volume actually excreted out is only a litre or two a day.
Patients with kidney failures can be saved by dialysis and kidney transplant.
(a) Write the structure and function of Bowman’s capsule.
(b) Although kidneys filter a large amount (about $$\begin{aligned}& 180 \\ & \text{L}\end{aligned}$$ daily) of fluids, still the excretion from the body is only about a litre or two. Why ?
(c) What is excretion ? Why is it necessary for any living organism ?
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(a) • Structure $\rightarrow$ Bowman’s capsule is a cup shaped end of a coiled tube (nephron) (½ Mark)
• Function $\rightarrow$ Bowman’s capsule collects the filtrate from the blood. (½ Mark)
(b) Most of the water, salt, glucose, amino acids are selectively reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood as the urine flows along the tubular part of nephron. (1 Mark)
(c) • Excretion is the process of removal of metabolic wastes/ nitrogenous waste/ urea/uric acid from the body. (1 Mark)
• It is essential for survival of a living organism as the excretory products are toxic and harmful to the organism. (1 Mark)
OR
(c) • Both lungs and kidneys remove metabolic waste / Lungs remove carbon dioxide gas ($\ce{CO2}$) from the blood while kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes like urea from the blood. (1 Mark)
• Both lungs and kidneys have thin-walled blood capillaries involved in exchange of gases and filtration of blood respectively. (1 Mark)
• Function $\rightarrow$ Bowman’s capsule collects the filtrate from the blood. (½ Mark)
(b) Most of the water, salt, glucose, amino acids are selectively reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood as the urine flows along the tubular part of nephron. (1 Mark)
(c) • Excretion is the process of removal of metabolic wastes/ nitrogenous waste/ urea/uric acid from the body. (1 Mark)
• It is essential for survival of a living organism as the excretory products are toxic and harmful to the organism. (1 Mark)
OR
(c) • Both lungs and kidneys remove metabolic waste / Lungs remove carbon dioxide gas ($\ce{CO2}$) from the blood while kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes like urea from the blood. (1 Mark)
• Both lungs and kidneys have thin-walled blood capillaries involved in exchange of gases and filtration of blood respectively. (1 Mark)