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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :
In many animals including humans, adrenaline hormone prepares for scary situation. The target organs on which it acts include the heart. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced, but the heart beats faster and breathing rate also increases. All these responses together enable the animal body to deal with such scary situation.
(a) Attempt either subpart (i) or (ii) :
(i) Name the gland that secretes adrenaline hormone. How does it enable the animal body to deal with a scary situation ?
OR
(ii) Why is the blood to the digestive system and skin reduced ?
(b) Why is it important for us to have iodised salt in our diet?
(c) Why does a doctor advise some persons to take less sugar in their diet?
In many animals including humans, adrenaline hormone prepares for scary situation. The target organs on which it acts include the heart. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced, but the heart beats faster and breathing rate also increases. All these responses together enable the animal body to deal with such scary situation.
(a) Attempt either subpart (i) or (ii) :
(i) Name the gland that secretes adrenaline hormone. How does it enable the animal body to deal with a scary situation ?
OR
(ii) Why is the blood to the digestive system and skin reduced ?
(b) Why is it important for us to have iodised salt in our diet?
(c) Why does a doctor advise some persons to take less sugar in their diet?
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(a) (i) • Adrenal glands (½ Mark)
• Adrenaline hormone is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different body parts. This makes heart beat fast resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles. These responses together enable the animal body to be ready to deal with scary situation. (1½ Marks)
(a) (ii) The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs to divert the blood to our skeletal muscles for more energy. (2 Marks)
(b) Iodised salt contains iodine which is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone. (1 Mark)
(c) Because they are suffering from diabetes i.e. having high sugar level in their blood causing harmful effects / Insulin secretion is less. (1 Mark)
• Adrenaline hormone is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different body parts. This makes heart beat fast resulting in supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles. These responses together enable the animal body to be ready to deal with scary situation. (1½ Marks)
(a) (ii) The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs to divert the blood to our skeletal muscles for more energy. (2 Marks)
(b) Iodised salt contains iodine which is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone. (1 Mark)
(c) Because they are suffering from diabetes i.e. having high sugar level in their blood causing harmful effects / Insulin secretion is less. (1 Mark)