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Attempt either subpart (a) or (b) :
(a) (i) Define catenation. Why does carbon show catenation?
(ii) Define homologous series. Give examples of two homologues whose molecular mass differ by $\text{14 amu}$.
(iii) Why do soaps not work well in hard water?
(a) (i) Define catenation. Why does carbon show catenation?
(ii) Define homologous series. Give examples of two homologues whose molecular mass differ by $\text{14 amu}$.
(iii) Why do soaps not work well in hard water?
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(a) (i) • The unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving rise to large molecules. (1 Mark)
• Because of strong and stable C-C bond. (1 Mark)
(ii) • A group of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties / Series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for Hydrogen in a carbon chain / Compounds having same general formula, successive member differ by $\ce{CH2}$ or 14u. (1 Mark)
• Example: - Methane-Ethane or any other. (1 Mark)
(iii) Because soap forms insoluble precipitates (scum) by reacting with calcium and magnesium salts present in hard water. (1 Mark)
• Because of strong and stable C-C bond. (1 Mark)
(ii) • A group of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties / Series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for Hydrogen in a carbon chain / Compounds having same general formula, successive member differ by $\ce{CH2}$ or 14u. (1 Mark)
• Example: - Methane-Ethane or any other. (1 Mark)
(iii) Because soap forms insoluble precipitates (scum) by reacting with calcium and magnesium salts present in hard water. (1 Mark)